DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIVIDUAL HYGIENE MEASURES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

Abstract

Orthodontic treatment significantly increases the risk of plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, enamel demineralization, and carious lesions due to the presence of fixed appliances that hinder natural cleaning mechanisms and complicate routine oral hygiene practices. This theoretical review article examines the development and evaluation of individualized oral hygiene measures tailored for orthodontic patients, emphasizing evidence-based strategies derived from modern academic literature. The paper synthesizes data from clinical guidelines, contemporary textbooks, and recent research to highlight the essential components of effective oral hygiene protocols, including brushing techniques, auxiliary hygiene tools, fluoride supplementation, antimicrobial agents, diet modification, and behavior-change approaches. The role of digital technologies, patient education, and motivational strategies is also critically analyzed. The review underscores that personalized hygiene programs—adapted according to patients’ age, orthodontic appliance type, oral microbiota characteristics, and compliance level—are more effective than standardized routines. Moreover, regular monitoring, professional reinforcement, and structured evaluation methods significantly improve outcomes.