Ключевые слова
Аннотация
This article analyzes the historical formation and strategic expansion of the “Boasian School,” a scientific community that established hegemony over American anthropology in the early 20th century. While Franz Boas provided the theoretical foundation, the transformation of anthropology into a recognized academic discipline was achieved through the institutional placement of his doctoral students—including Alfred Kroeber, Edward Sapir, and Fay-Cooper Cole—in key universities across the United States. Drawing on the historiography of Marvin Harris and George Stocking, this study demonstrates how the Boasians replaced the evolutionist paradigm with cultural relativism and established a unified professional standard through the control of university departments, journals, and funding. The research highlights this phenomenon as a model of successful scientific institutionalization.
Библиографические ссылки
Harris, Marvin. The Rise of Anthropological Theory: A History of Theories of Culture. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1968. (Chapters 9-10).
Darnell, Regna. Invisible Genealogies: A History of Americanist Anthropology. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001.
Stocking, George W. Jr. The Ethnographer’s Magic and Other Essays in the History of Anthropology. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992.
Kroeber, Alfred L. The Nature of Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952.
Benedict, Ruth. Patterns of Culture. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934