Ключевые слова
Аннотация
Ko‘p yillar davomida Usmoniylarning paydo bo‘lishi va ularning XIV asr oxirigacha bo‘lgan tarixi kam o‘rganilgan. Tarix yaqin davrlargacha faqatgina dushmanlik ruhida bo‘lgan grek manbalaridan yoki keyinchalik Usmoniy sultonlarni maqtab yozadigan turk tarixchilari asarlaridan o‘rganilgan. Usmoniylar va Yevropa arxivlaridan olingan yangi xujjatlar va ularning tanqidiy analizi Usmoniylarning kelib chiqishini tushunishga yordam beradi. Biz bilamizki, Usmoniylar kelib chiqqan qabila o‘g‘uzlar ko‘chmanchi va yarim ko‘chmanchi qabilalar bo‘lib, yozda tog‘larga ketar edi. Shaharlardan uzoqlarda chodirlarda yashovchi qabilalar O‘rta Osiyodan kelgan Saljuqiylardan yoki XIII asr birinchi yarmida mo‘g‘ullar tomonidan g‘arbga keltirilgan turkiy qabilalardan kelib chiqqan. Anatoliyadagi qabilalarning ilk boshliqlari haqidagi ma’lumotlar juda kam. Ular haqida faqatgina afsona va tarixiy uydurmalar qolgan. Ishonchli dalillar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, Usmoniylar sulolasi nomiga Erto‘g‘rul asos solgan. Bu haqda Erto‘g‘rulning o‘g‘li Usmon nomidan zarb etilgan tangalardagi yozuvlar guvohlik beradi. Afsonaga e’tibor beramiz.
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