Ключевые слова
Аннотация
Art is a collection of human works or activities created to influence emotions and feelings, serving as a means to convey diverse meanings and concepts. Calligraphy, as an authentic and valuable art form within Afghan culture, reflects beauty, delicacy, and the noble sentiments of humanity. This art not only holds a special place in Afghanistan's cultural history but is also recognized internationally as a distinguished artistic discipline. The present article examines the history of calligraphy in Balkh.
Calligraphy in Afghanistan, from the past to the present, has been predominantly used in non-religious texts such as collections of poetry, refined artistic compositions, and administrative correspondence. In contrast, among the Arabs and the Ottoman Turks, calligraphy was mainly applied to religious writings, with their artistic mastery centered on the Thuluth and Naskh scripts. In Afghanistan, however, all forms of calligraphy — including Nasta‘liq, Shekasteh Nasta‘liq, Naskh, and Ta‘liq — have experienced remarkable growth and development. The period spanning the ninth to the eleventh centuries can be regarded as one of the most brilliant eras in the history of Afghan calligraphy.
The art of calligraphy is observed in nearly all cultures; however, in the East—particularly in Afghanistan—it has long held great significance among the visual arts. One notable example is the province of Balkh, which has been a cultural center and cradle of knowledge and art from ancient times to the present day. In Balkh, calligraphy has evolved among calligraphers based on highly unique, innovative, and intricate systems and principles.
The practice of calligraphy in this province is not confined merely to the beauty of script and writing, but is also regarded as a profound medium for expressing deep meanings and human emotions. Just as this art has flourished throughout history, it continues to thrive today, thanks to the efforts of prominent calligraphers from this region.
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