THE TRANSLATION OF CULTURAL REFERENCES IN CONTEMPORARY FICTION: PROBLEMS AND APPROACHES

Abstract

This paper examines the main difficulties and techniques involved in translating cultural references found in modern fiction. Expressions related to customs, history, idioms, or social life often create challenges for translators because they hold meanings that are specific to the source culture. The study emphasizes that achieving equivalence between the original and translated texts requires not only linguistic skill but also deep cultural understanding. Referring to theories such as domestication and foreignization, it discusses how translators decide between keeping the original cultural flavor and making the text accessible for readers in another culture. The research argues that translating culture-bound elements successfully depends on flexible, context-based choices rather than rigid use of one single method. In conclusion, it suggests that effective cultural translation allows readers from different backgrounds to experience the same emotions and artistic value intended by the author, preserving both the spirit and the integrity of the original work.