Аннотация
Antibiotics are widely used as an effective means of combating bacterial infections. They possess the ability to either destroy bacterial microorganisms (bactericidal effect) or inhibit their growth (bacteriostatic effect).
However, in recent years, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has posed a serious threat to their effectiveness. Therefore, studying the factors contributing to the formation of antibiotic resistance, particularly the role and mechanisms of pathogenic microorganisms in this process, is of great scientific and practical importance.