CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN GEORGE ORWELL’S NOVEL NAMED “ANIMAL FARM”

Abstract

This article examines the role of conceptual metaphors in literature with particular reference to George Orwell’s novel Animal Farm. The aim of the study is to identify and analyze different types of metaphors used in the novel and to explain their cognitive and literary functions. The article is based on the theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. It focuses on three main types of conceptual metaphors: orientational, structural, and ontological metaphors. The practical part of the study analyzes selected metaphorical expressions from “Animal Farm”, showing how metaphors are used to represent power, manipulation, hope, and rebellion. The study confirms that metaphor plays a crucial role in enhancing expressiveness, deepening interpretation, and influencing the reader’s understanding of social and political reality.