ISSUES OF THE ACTUAL MOVEMENT AND EDUCATION IN THE COUNTRY OF TURKEY

Abstract

This article examines the historical formation and development of modern schools in Turkestan, focusing on the socio-political and economic factors that necessitated educational reforms. It explores the key motivations behind the introduction of new schools, including the influence of Russian imperial policies, the role of local reformist intellectuals (jadids), and the broader context of modernization efforts in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The study delves into the objectives of the new educational institutions, such as promoting literacy, scientific knowledge, and technical skills among the local population. The implementation of new textbooks and their content is analyzed, emphasizing the transition from traditional religious-based madrasa education to a more structured and secular curriculum. Additionally, the role of libraries in knowledge dissemination and their contribution to the intellectual growth of students is highlighted. Furthermore, the article discusses the organization of lesson schedules, comparing the old madrasa system with the modernized approach, which incorporated subjects like mathematics, natural sciences, geography, and foreign languages. The importance of training equipment, laboratory setups, and visual teaching aids in improving the quality of education is explored, along with the significance of exhibitions in showcasing scientific and technological advancements. Special attention is given to the integration of applied sciences into the curriculum and their impact on the professional and economic development of the region. The study also evaluates the challenges faced by modern schools, including resistance from conservative elements of society, financial constraints, and the complexities of cultural adaptation. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of the transformation of Turkestan’s education system, demonstrating how the introduction of modern schools played a crucial role in shaping a new generation of educated individuals who contributed to the region’s progress in the early 20th century.