HOW YOUTH BULGES SHAPE LABOR MARKET PRESSURES IN CENTRAL ASIA

Abstract

In recent decades, Central Asian countries have witnessed significant demographic changes, most notably a pronounced youth bulge. With a large proportion of the population under the age of 30, the region is facing mounting pressure to provide adequate employment opportunities and a responsive education system. This paper analyzes the economic and social implications of the youth bulge in countries such as Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Using demographic and labor market data from national and international sources, it explores the challenges of youth unemployment, skill mismatches, and outward labor migration. The findings highlight both the potential for a demographic dividend and the risks of prolonged underemployment. Policy recommendations focus on aligning education with market needs, expanding job creation, and supporting youth entrepreneurship. Without swift intervention, Central Asia risks losing a vital opportunity to turn its youthful population into a driver of economic growth.