MAIN AREAS OF APPLICATION OF LASERS IN MEDICINE

Abstract

Laser technologies have emerged as a cornerstone of modern medical practice due to their precision, controllability, and minimally invasive nature. This study provides a comprehensive review of the main applications of lasers in medicine, including surgery, ophthalmology, dermatology, oncology, diagnostics, and physiotherapy. The physical principles of laser operation, types of medical lasers, and their interaction with biological tissues are discussed to explain their effectiveness in clinical applications. Results indicate that laser systems enhance surgical accuracy, reduce postoperative complications, accelerate recovery, and enable selective tissue targeting. In ophthalmology and dermatology, lasers allow effective treatment of eye and skin disorders, while in oncology, photodynamic therapy and laser ablation demonstrate high tumor selectivity. Diagnostic techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser Doppler flowmetry improve early disease detection and patient monitoring. The study concludes that the integration of laser technologies with artificial intelligence, robotics, and nanotechnology holds great potential for the future of personalized, precise, and safe medical interventions.