Keywords
Abstract
Искусственная вентиляция легких (ИВЛ) остается жизненно необходимой, но потенциально ятрогенной процедурой для недоношенных новорожденных, ассоциированной с высоким риском развития бронхолегочной дисплазии (БЛД), ретинопатии недоношенных (РН) и неврологических осложнений. Обзор посвящен анализу патофизиологических основ наиболее распространенных респираторных расстройств у недоношенных детей в неонатальном периоде и грудном возрасте, таких как респираторный дистресс-синдром, бронхолегочная дисплазия (включая случаи с легочной гипертензией), апноэ недоношенных, транзиторное тахипноэ новорожденных, а также состояния, возникающие в более старшем возрасте, такие как острый бронхиолит респираторно-синцитиальной вирусной этиологии и бронхиальная астма.
Подробно рассмотрены структурные, биохимические и функциональные характеристики органов дыхания недоношенных, которые создают основу для развития указанных патологий. Выявлены закономерности обратной зависимости эпидемиологии респираторных заболеваний от гестационного возраста В связи с этим поиск эффективных стратегий профилактики поствентиляционных осложнений является приоритетной задачей неонатологии.
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