CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD)

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their function over time, leading to accumulation of toxins, disturbances in fluid-electrolyte balance, and alterations in hematologic and cardiovascular systems. This article provides a detailed overview of the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and complications of CKD. Special attention is given to preventive measures and management approaches in both children and adults. Early detection and appropriate treatment strategies are emphasized as crucial for improving patient quality of life and reducing chronic complications.