ADVANCED FIRST AID AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE FOR EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL BLEEDING
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Ключевые слова

Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy (TIC), Tourniquet Science, “STOP THE BLEED”, “Lethal Triad”

Аннотация

Hemorrhage remains one of the leading preventable causes of death following trauma, particularly in prehospital and emergency settings. This article provides a comprehensive overview of first aid management for external and internal bleeding, incorporating current evidence-based practices, including tourniquet use, hemostatic agents, trauma-induced coagulopathy recognition, and damage control principles used in modern trauma systems.

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Библиографические ссылки

American College of Surgeons. Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Student Manual, 10th Ed. Chicago: ACS; 2018.

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CRASH-2 Trial Collaborators. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients. Lancet. 2010;376(9734):23–32.

Stop the Bleed Campaign. American College of Surgeons. https://www.stopthebleed.org

Bulger EM, Snyder D, Schoelles K, et al. An evidence-based prehospital guideline for external hemorrhage control: American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2014;18(2):163–173.

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Holcomb JB, Tilley BC, Baraniuk S, et al. Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma. JAMA. 2015;313(5):471–482.