Аннотация
This article analyzes the transnational nature of cybercrime, the main factors that give rise to it, and international legal mechanisms for combating it. The study is based on the fact that the development of the Internet and information and communication technologies has created new forms of crime, and cybercrime is characterized by the fact that it bypasses territorial borders, electronic evidence is located in different jurisdictions, and the complexity of identifying criminals. The article analyzes the United Nations approach to transnational crime, the Budapest Convention, and other international legal instruments. It also examines the role of states, non-state organizations, organized criminal groups, and individuals as subjects of cybercrime. The study concludes that in order to effectively combat cybercrime, it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation, improve mechanisms for working with electronic evidence, and harmonize national legislation with international standards.
Библиографические ссылки
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, adopted 15 November 2000, entered into force 29 September 2003, 2225
UNTS 209 https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/organized-crime/intro/UNTOC.html.
Council of Europe, Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention) ETS No 185 (23 November 2001) https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/185.
Jonathan Clough, Principles of Cybercrime (2nd edn, Cambridge University Press 2015).
Susan W Brenner, ‘Cybercrime Jurisdiction’ (2006) 46 Crime, Law and Social Change 189–206.
Ales Završnik, ‘Cybercrime Definitional Challenges and Criminological Particularities’ (2008) 2 Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology 1–10.
Samuel Gordon and Richard Ford, ‘On the Definition and Classification of Cybercrime’ (2006) 2 Journal in Computer Virology 13–20.
Richard A Clarke and Robert K Knake, Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security and What to Do About It (HarperCollins 2010).
David S Wall, Cybercrime: The Transformation of Crime in the Information Age (Polity Press 2007).
D Canetti, M Gross, I Waismel-Manor, A Levanon and H Cohen, ‘How Cyberattacks Terrorize: Cortisol and Personal Insecurity Jump in the Wake of Cyberattacks’ (2017) 20(2) Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 72–77 https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0338.
Council of Europe, Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime on Enhanced Co-operation and Disclosure of Electronic
Evidence CETS No 224 (12 May 2022) https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/second-additional-protocol.
United Nations General Assembly, Combating the Criminal Misuse of Information Technologies UNGA Res 55/63 (2000) https://www.itu.int/ITU-
D/cyb/cybersecurity/docs/UN_resolution_55_63.pdf accessed 17 June 2026; UNGA Res 56/121 (2001) https://docs.un.org/en/A/RES/56/121.
United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Convention against Cybercrime UNGA Res 79/243 (24 December 2024) https://docs.un.org/en/A/RES/79/243.
Interparliamentary Assembly of Member Nations of the CIS, Model Law on Countering Cybercrime (Resolution No 35-12, 28 October 2010) https://iacis.ru/baza_dokumentov/modelnie_zakonodatelnie_akti.
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of International Information Security among the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (Yekaterinburg, 16 June 2009) http://eng.sectsco.org/documents.
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Decree No. PF-6079 of 5 October 2020 on the Approval of the “Digital Uzbekistan – 2030” Strategy and Measures for Its Effective Implementation https://lex.uz/docs/5031048.
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Resolution No PQ–17 of 22 January 2025, On Measures to Improve the System of Training Personnel in the Field of Cybersecurity https://lex.uz/uz/docs/-7339006.