RISK FACTORS FOR POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING THE EXTRACTION OF IMPACTED THIRD MOLARS

Аннотация

The extraction of impacted third molars is a common procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery; however, postoperative complications may include pain, swelling, trismus, alveolar osteitis, surgical site infection, bleeding, and neurosensory disturbances. This article aims to analyze risk factors associated with these outcomes based on literature. A narrative review approach was used to examine evidence concerning patient-related characteristics, anatomical and radiological findings, surgical complexity, and preventive strategies. The literature indicates that smoking, pre-existing inflammation, medication-related factors, deep impaction, unfavourable tooth angulation, complex root morphology, and proximity to adjacent anatomical structures may influence complications. The extent of tissue manipulation, bone removal, and operative duration may also affect recovery. These associations differ according to the complication and study design. Comprehensive preoperative assessment, individualized surgical planning, patient education, and postoperative monitoring are therefore important components of care.